Multiple-choice, choose multiple answers (Reading)

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Multiple-choice, choose multiple answers (Reading)

Adaptations enable living organisms to cope with environmental stresses and pressures. Adaptation can be structural or behavioral. Structural adaptations are special body parts of an organism that help it to survive in its natural habitat (e.g., skin color, shape, body covering). Behavioral adaptations are the ways a particular organism behaves to survive in its natural habitat. Physiological adaptations are systems present in an organism that allow it to perform certain biochemical reactions (e.g. making venom, secreting slime, being able to keep a constant body temperature). Adaptations are traits that have been selected for by natural selection. The underlying genetic basis for the adaptive trait did not arise as a consequence of the environment; the genetic variant pre-existed and was subsequently selected because it provided the bearer of that variant some advantage.

Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response.


Which of the following are true statements about adaptations?

1. They can be structural, behavioral, or physiological adaptations.
2. They mostly occur in physical appearances of special body parts of an organism.
3. They are new genes created to increase an organism's chance of survival.
4. They are genes selected due to the benefits they offer in a particular environment.
5. They are created by the environment to help 

Which of the following are true statements about adaptations?

1. They can be structural, behavioral, or physiological adaptations.
2. They mostly occur in physical appearances of special body parts of an organism.
3. They are new genes created to increase an organism's chance of survival.
4. They are genes selected due to the benefits they offer in a particular environment.
5. They are created by the environment to help an organism survive in its habitat.

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Who Are Aborigines?

Aborigines are Australia's indigenous people. Recent government statistics counted approximately 400,000 aboriginal people, or about 2% of Australia's total population.

Australian Aborigines migrated from somewhere in Asia at least 30,000 years ago. Though they comprise 500-600 distinct groups, aboriginal people possess some unifying links. Among these are strong spiritual beliefs that tie them to the land; a tribal culture of storytelling and art; and, like other indigenous populations, a difficult colonial history.

The Dreamtime: Aboriginal spirituality entails a close relationship between humans and the land. Aborigines call the beginning of the world the "Dreaming" or "Dreamtime". In the "Dreamtime", aboriginal "Ancestors" rose from below the earth to form various parts of nature including animal species, bodies of water, and the sky. Unlike other religions, however, aboriginal belief does not place the human species apart from or on a higher level than nature. Aborigines believe some of the Ancestors metamorphosed into nature (as in rock formations or rivers), where they remain spiritually alive.

Storytelling, Art, and the Didgeridoo: The oral tradition of storytelling informs aboriginals' vibrant cultural life. Songs illustrate the Dreamtime and other tales of the land, while dances and diagrams drawn in the sand accompany oral tales. In the Northern Territory, aboriginal art includes sculpture, bark and rock paintings, and baskets and beadwork. Rock carvings and paintings can be found in such places as Arnhem Land, Ubirr, and Nourlangie. Many aborigines earn a living through selling native artworks.

Aboriginal music is often recognizable for its most famous instrument, the didgeridoo. A wind instrument typically made from bamboo, it extends about five feet and produces a low, vibrating hum. Aborigines use didgeridoos in formal ceremonies at such events as sunsets, circumcisions, and funerals.

Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response.


Which of the following statements about Australian Aborigines can be supported from this text?

1. It is estimated that the population of Australian Aborigines peaked at about 400,000 some 30,000 years before white settlement.
2. Despite being recognised internationally, the Aboriginal musical instrument the didgeridoo, rarely plays a significant role in Aboriginal cultural ceremonies.
3. Today Aborigines comprise approximately 2% of the Australian population.
4. Aboriginal culture is based on a belief that people, animals, and the land are integrally linked.
5. Unlike many other indigenous cultures, Australian Aborigines developed equitable relationships with colonial powers.

Answers

Q 1

They can be structural, behavioral, or physiological adaptations.

They are genes selected due to the benefits they offer in a particular environment.

Q 2

Today Aborigines comprise approximately 2% of the Australian population.

Aboriginal culture is based on a belief that people, animals, and the land are integrally linked.